Kaymaklı Underground City is one of Cappadocia's largest and most significant subterranean settlements, a UNESCO World Heritage site that offers a remarkable window into ancient human ingenuity. Believed to have been initially constructed by the Hittites around 3000 BCE and later expanded by early Christians seeking refuge from persecution, this multi-level city served as a self-sufficient community with living quarters, stables, churches, and storage areas. Its intricate design, including ventilation shafts and massive rolling stone doors, highlights the advanced engineering capabilities of its creators.
Visitors consistently praise the unique experience of navigating the labyrinthine tunnels and chambers, often describing it as "mind-blowing" and "fascinating." Many reviewers emphasize the benefit of hiring a local guide, as there are minimal explanatory signs within the city. Guides like Mustafa are frequently mentioned for their passion and ability to bring the history to life, explaining the purpose of each room and the daily lives of its inhabitants. The cool underground temperature, a stark contrast to the summer heat outside, is also a frequently appreciated aspect, making it a comfortable escape.
For a comfortable visit, wear sturdy, comfortable shoes suitable for uneven surfaces and bring a light jacket, as the temperature underground remains consistently cool (around 15°C). Visitors recommend spending 1 to 1.5 hours exploring the accessible four levels. To avoid crowds, especially during peak season, aim to arrive early in the morning (around opening time) or late in the afternoon. Several reviewers suggest that going without a large tour group allows for a more personal and less rushed experience. While some visitors manage without a guide, many feel a guide significantly enhances understanding and appreciation of the site's historical context.
Kaymaklı Underground City is located in the town of Kaymaklı, approximately 30 minutes south of Göreme. It is easily accessible by car, with ample parking available at the entrance. Many visitors also reach it as part of organized "Green Tour" packages from Cappadocia's main towns. Public transport options like local buses (dolmuş) to Kaymaklı are available, though less frequent. If driving, be aware that the entrance might not be clearly marked, so using GPS is advisable.
The most common complaints revolve around the narrow, low passages and potential overcrowding. Many visitors, particularly those over 6 feet tall, mention needing to bend or crouch for extended periods, leading to discomfort. Claustrophobia is a significant concern, and individuals prone to it are strongly advised to reconsider or proceed with extreme caution, as some passages are very tight and can feel overwhelming, especially when crowded. To mitigate overcrowding, visit during off-peak hours. For those with mobility issues or bad knees, certain sections, particularly the very low and long tunnels, might be challenging or even impossible to navigate. There are also occasional mentions of poor lighting in some areas, so a phone flashlight can be useful.
